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TIME: Almanac 1995
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TIME Almanac 1995.iso
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070990
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0709206.000
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1994-03-25
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<text id=90TT1809>
<title>
July 09, 1990: "There Was Nowhere To Go But Up"
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
July 09, 1990 Abortion's Most Wrenching Questions
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
BUSINESS, Page 46
"There Was Nowhere to Go but Up"
</hdr>
<body>
<p> If the world's economic leaders had visited Houston a few
years ago, they would have found a down-at-the-heels oil town.
Not anymore. Across the city last week, thousands of bag-toting
volunteers scoured streets and back alleys for litter. Others
painted over graffiti and planted hundreds of red begonias.
Freshly remodeled hotels stocked up on ethnic food; civic
workers conducted courtesy classes for taxi drivers; and the
police readied 125 new patrol cars for escort duty.
</p>
<p> All that pizazz, however, is only frosting on the cake for
Houston. The city is in the third year of a brisk economic
recovery that is transforming the fourth largest U.S. city
(pop. 1.7 million) from a freewheeling oil-and-gas town to a
more broadly based cosmopolitan center. Energy still
constitutes 60% of the economy, but that is down from 83% in
1981. Boasts Mayor Kathy Whitmire: "We are no longer a
one-industry town."
</p>
<p> Factories are sprouting and expanding to accommodate
newcomers in such fields as aerospace, computers and medical
services. The population exodus has been reversed as office
towers, whose occupancy levels plummeted as low as 10% in 1986,
fill with firms springing up or relocating from other states.
As Houston diversifies, it is shedding some of its
rough-and-tumble past for an urbane glitter. Chic Italian
restaurants now set the gastronomic tone, and croissant parlors
near Rice University are crowded with research biologists from
the nearby Texas Medical Center.
</p>
<p> The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation helped fuel the
comeback by pumping in $5 billion to recapitalize three major
banks, while two others were shored up by acquisition. "Houston
deflated so sharply there was nowhere to go but up," says
Barton Smith, a University of Houston economist. Low-energy
prices forced the oil industry to reduce its reliance on such
traditional businesses as exploration and production, while
investing more heavily in refining and petrochemical
manufacturing, which can earn greater profits.
</p>
<p> Houston's bargain-price land and labor have lured dozens of
companies, including small steel mills, toolmakers and clothing
manufacturers. The cost of office space, at $15 per sq. ft.
(compared with $43 in Manhattan), is among the lowest in the
U.S., and the median $69,000 price for a single-family home is
about 30% below the U.S. average. At the same time, aggressive
promotion has helped Houston keep its newcomers close to home.
When fast-growing Compaq Computer hinted that it might pick
another locale for a 4,000-worker plant expansion, community
leaders assembled a $7.7 million package of tax abatements, bus
service and access roads that won Compaq over.
</p>
<p> The situation is a marked turnaround from 1986, when
unemployment topped 12%, U-Haul trailers streamed out of the
city, and foreclosures were rampant. Today the area has
regained 77% of the 220,000 jobs it lost; unemployment has been
whittled to 5.3%; and suburban condos that sank in value to as
little as $5,000 have rebounded to more than $25,000.
</p>
<p> Houston still has remnants of its oil-bust hangover. The
real estate market is saddled with 55,000 vacant, subdivided
lots left over from the building boom. The city has
environmental woes as well, ranking as one of the four U.S.
cities most afflicted by air pollution. Yet the broad scope of
Houston's recovery suggests a new stability and maturity. Says
A. Robert Abboud, chairman of First City Bancorp.: "Houston's
coming back strong, but with a good deal of caution because of
the past."
</p>
<p>By Richard Woodbury/Houston.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>